A Collection of Design Patterns and Principles Written in Kotlin
What are Design Principles?
A design principle is a basic tool or technique that can be applied to designing or writing code to make that code more maintainable, flexible, or extensible.
What are Design Patterns?
A design pattern is a solution to a problem in a context. The context refers to the situation in which the pattern applies, while the problem refers to the goal you are trying to achieve along with any constraints encountered.
Design Principles
- Identify the aspects of your application that vary and separate them from what stays the same.
- Program to an interface, not an implementation.
- Favor composition over inheritance.
- Strive for loosely coupled designs between objects that interact.
- The Open-Closed Principle.
- Dependency Inversion Principle.
- Principle of Least Knowledge (Law of Demeter).
- The Hollywood Principle.
- Single Responsibility.
Understanding through Analogy
Think of design principles like rules in a game. Just as each player must follow rules to ensure the game runs smoothly, developers must adhere to design principles to keep their code maintainable and efficient. For instance, “Favor composition over inheritance” can be seen as opting to form teams based on skill set (composition) rather than strictly sticking to familial ties (inheritance). This allows for a more flexible and adaptable approach, just as teams can change their lineup without affecting the game’s fundamentals.
Design Patterns
- Strategy
- Observer
- Decorator
- Factory Method
- Abstract Factory
- Singleton
- Command
- Adapter
- Facade
- Template Method
- Iterator
- Composite
- State
- Proxy
Common Patterns Explained
- Strategy Pattern: This pattern defines a family of algorithms, encapsulates each one, and makes them interchangeable.
- Observer Pattern: This defines a one-to-many dependency between objects, where changes in one object notify all its dependent observers.
- Decorator Pattern: This allows additional responsibilities to be attached to an object dynamically.
Troubleshooting
If you encounter issues while implementing design patterns and principles in your Kotlin project, consider the following troubleshooting tactics:
- Double-check that the chosen design pattern matches the problem context effectively.
- Ensure that your interfaces are properly defined for programming to an interface.
- Review your code for adherence to the Single Responsibility Principle to minimize conflicting changes.
- If you notice tight coupling between classes, rethink your architecture to achieve a more loosely coupled design.
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Conclusion
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